A. Nursing
Practice
Nursing services as a
professional service is a service that is humanistic, implemented based on the
science and tips oriented to the objective needs of the client either
individually, family, group, community and society based on the ethics of the
nursing profession.
Nursing is an applied science
that uses a variety of knowledge, concepts and principles from various science
groups. The nurses use the foundation of science as a guide for rationalization
developed by the nurse themselves, so nurses can know what, why and how nursing
care should be implemented or provided to clients. The success of a
professional nurse in providing nursing services is very dependent on his
ability to synthesise these various sciences and apply them into a form of
professional service. So far we have emphasized the idea that knowledge is a
vital important aspect of nursing. Every thing we do as a nurse is based on
knowledge.
Understanding of nursing
knowledge requires an insight into the various components contained in nursing
knowledge and describes the nursing knowledge itself. In order to understand
the relationships of the various components, the understanding of each component
is necessary to underlie the relationship analysis of several components:
B. Science
Science is a collection of
experiences and knowledge-from a number of harmonically harmonized people in a
regular building. This existing science consists in part from the knowledge
that has been verified through the research, but some still in the form of
knowledge that is still doubted the truth that still requires testing through
further research. To harmonize the harmonics of science in the orderly
buildings it takes the body of science which is the basis of science which provides
a rational rationale for everything done by the nurse. The body of science is
shaped through philosophy, concepts, theories and processes.
C. Philosophy
Philosophy is the study of
wisdom, the fundamentals of knowledge, and the processes used to develop and
embrace the view of a life, so that philosophy can consist of logic, the laws
of reality, ethics, aesthetics, metaphysics and epistimology.
Philosophy gives insight and
implies the belief system and belief, so that philosophy will affect the
behavior and attitude of the individual in everyday life. Someone will develop
his philosophy through learning from interpersonal relationships, the
experience of formal and informal education, religion, culture and environment.
The purpose of the philosophy
is to present an image of scientific knowledge that is formalized or applied in
a logical principle. The logical principle provides a link between a systematic
scientific statement for all scientific knowledge. The philosophical
orientation of knowledge is naturalistic and empirical. This orientation
involves exploring, explaining, and classifying phenomena through a process of
observation and direct examination.
Nursing philosophy is a basic
belief in nursing knowledge that contains the basic understanding of human
biology and its behavior in a healthy and sick state that focuses on their
response to the situation. So the nursing philosophy almost universally has a
holistic belief about humans who emphasize that humans have an impossible
integration in analysis to be a small part, but humans need to be studied
simultaneously at various levels and perspectives of physical, psychological,
self-knowledge , The purpose of life, the environment, and so on.
Nurses, nursing education and
nursing services institutions in providing services, educating and cooperating
with others will be tailored to a trusted and trusted philosophy through
concepts that are believed.
Nursing philosophy is a
statement of beliefs about trust and manifestation of the values in nursing used to think and act (Chitty, 1997).
Nursing philosophy builds on the beliefs about human, environment, health, and
nursing as contained in the nursing paradigm.
D. Concepts
Concepts can also be called
ideas, namely abstract impressions of the environment organized through real
symbols. For example the concept of the object, properties and events and
others. A collection of these concepts will constitute a conceptual framework or
conceptual model composed of abstract and general ideas and prepositions that
specify the relationship between them.
E. Process
Process is a stage for
implementing actions from a conceptual framework or a theory to achieve a goal.
In carrying out these stages the phases should be selected systematically and
implemented on the basis of the assessments that have been carried out. The
process of nursing consists of theories and concepts. The application of
nursing care with a nursing process approach, is established by each
institution by developing selected concepts and theories.
H. Theory of Nursing
Barnum (1990), suggests that
the theory of nursing is an attempt to describe, explain the phenomenon
(processes, events, events) about nursing. Nursing Theory can distinguish
between nursing with discipline and other activities in providing services to
achieve goals by describing, explaining and controlling the outcome criteria
that have been established in the implementation of nursing care.
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